On at least two occasions in the past, while attending morning Srimad Bhagavatam classes at a nearby temple given by two well-known sannyasi gurus, the term "consequentialism" was being explained. Basically, it was said that if we know that an action will produce unfavorable results, we should not act on it. Or as Wikipedia puts it:
"The ethical philosophy, consequentialism is a class of normative ethics, teleological ethical theories that holds that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for judgement about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right act (or omission from acting) is one that will produce a good outcome."
The prime example given in both classes was a criticism of Mahajan Bhismadeva for not breaking his vow of perpetual bachelorhood when Satyavati requested he unite with his late brother's wives and later on when Amba requested him to marry her.
But how can one really know whether the result of an action will be good or bad? And if Bhisma had not kept his vow, would he still be as memorable today? Would the battle of Kuruksetra between the Kauravas and the Pandavas really have been avoided? These are some of the questions that arose after the lectures.
And finally answered, for me at least, when this purport came up during my daily reading at home:
"Although Vrtasura was on the verge of defeat (in fighting Lord, Indra), he was not at all affected. He knew that he was going to be defeated by Indra, and he voluntarily accepted that, but since he was supposed to be Indra's enemy, he tried his best to kill Indra. Thus he performed his duty. One should perform his duty under all circumstances, even though one may know what the result will be"
Another example is Lord Krishna's father, Vasudeva. He didn't try to run away and hide his first born child. Instead:
"After due course of time, Vasudeva and Devaki gave birth to eight male children, as well as one daughter. When the first son was born, Vasudeva kept his word of honor and immediately brought the child before Kamsa. It is said that Vasudeva was very much elevated and famous for his word of honor, and he wanted to maintain this fame. Although it was very painful for Vasudeva to hand over the newly born child, Kamsa was very glad to receive him. But he became a little compassionate with the behavior of Vasudeva. This event is very exemplary. For a great soul like Vasudeva, there is nothing considered to be painful in the course of discharging one's duty. A learned person like Vasudeva carries out his duties without hesitation." From Krishna book, chapter 1